Research and Development (R&D) comprises a number of activities driven by those who are funding the work to serve a particular function and those that are performing the R&D. In this section, the funding is called the “source,” and the “performer” completes the work. Funding can originate from federal or nonfederal government, private businesses, higher education, or non-profit organizations. In this section, we will discuss the contributions of sources and performers throughout the different stages of R&D.